Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells (P/Si TSCs) are a very promising alternative to c-Si technology, and NCPRE has a major programme in this area. However, the successful commercialization of P/Si TSCs requires a priori estimation of technological benchmarks to outperform c-Si based technologies under field conditions. The low temperature processed perovskite solar cells are yet to show similar outdoor stability compared to c-Si cells, where the temperature in the solar panel could reach up to 70°C. Advanced encapsulation technology can suppress extrinsic instability issues (moisture, oxygen, UV-light degradation), but intrinsic stability requires significant attention.

At elevated temperatures, the perovskite solar cells suffer from serious intrinsic degradation issues associated with unstable bandgap, ion migration, interface recombination, band energy mismatch, phase segregation, etc. In addition, daily and seasonal variations in the solar spectrum result in a current density mismatch between the top perovskite and bottom Si cells, thus compromising the energy yield (EY).